Ethernet Interface Configuration

TL;DR (Quick Start)

For the impatient: check interface status, force speed if needed, verify link.

# Check interface status and negotiated speed
/interface ethernet monitor ether1 once

# Force 100Mbps (both ends must match)
/interface ethernet set ether1 auto-negotiation=no speed=100M-baseT-full

# Force 1G SFP (for SFP+ port running 1G module)
/interface ethernet set sfp-sfpplus1 auto-negotiation=no speed=1G-baseX

# View all interfaces and statistics
/interface ethernet print stats

Overview

MikroTik RouterOS supports a comprehensive range of Ethernet interfaces from 10Mbps copper to 400Gbps fiber optic connections. Ethernet interfaces form the physical foundation of your network, and proper configuration ensures optimal performance, reliable connectivity, and effective troubleshooting.

This guide covers:

Interface types: RJ45 copper, SFP/SFP+/SFP28 fiber, QSFP+ high-speed ports
Auto-negotiation: How RouterOS establishes link speed and duplex
Monitoring: Real-time diagnostics including SFP DDM (Digital Diagnostic Monitoring)
Troubleshooting: Cable testing and common issues

The following diagram shows common Ethernet interface types on a MikroTik device:

@startuml
skinparam backgroundColor white
skinparam componentStyle rectangle

node "MikroTik Router" as R1 {
    [ether1-ether5\nRJ45 Copper\n10/100/1000M] as ETH
    [sfp1\nSFP Cage\n1G Fiber/Copper] as SFP
    [sfp-sfpplus1\nSFP+ Cage\n1G/10G] as SFPP
}

cloud "Network" as NET

ETH --> NET : Twisted Pair\n(Cat5e/6)
SFP --> NET : Fiber or\nRJ45 Module
SFPP --> NET : Fiber/DAC\nHigh Speed

note right of ETH
  Auto-negotiation selects
  best common speed
end note

@enduml

Prerequisites

Access to a RouterOS device (v7.12+ recommended for new link mode syntax)
Physical connection to the interface you want to configure
For SFP interfaces: A compatible transceiver module

Understanding Auto-Negotiation

Auto-negotiation is enabled by default and handles most configurations automatically. However, behavior differs between copper and fiber interfaces.

Copper (RJ45) Interfaces

On twisted-pair connections, devices exchange capability advertisements and select the highest common speed and duplex mode.

Community Tip: Gigabit Ethernet requires all 4 cable pairs. If your gigabit link negotiates down to 100Mbps, check for non-gigabit PoE injectors in the path - they pass auto-negotiation (which uses 2 pairs) but fail actual gigabit traffic.

SFP/QSFP Interfaces

On fiber/DAC connections, there is no capability exchange. Each side attempts its highest supported mode, and both ends must advertise the same highest mode for the link to establish.

Example failure scenario:

Device A advertises: 25G-baseCR, 10G-baseCR
Device B advertises: 10G-baseCR only
Result: No link (Device A tries 25G, Device B can’t match)

Solution: Configure both ends with matching highest advertise mode.

Configuration Steps

Step 1: View Interface Status

Check current interface configuration and link status.

/interface ethernet print

Expected Output:

Flags: R - RUNNING
Columns: NAME, MTU, MAC-ADDRESS, ARP
#   NAME    MTU  MAC-ADDRESS        ARP
0 R ether1  1500 AA:BB:CC:DD:EE:00  enabled
1 R ether2  1500 AA:BB:CC:DD:EE:01  enabled

For detailed real-time monitoring including negotiated speed:

/interface ethernet monitor ether1 once

Expected Output:

       name: ether1
     status: link-ok
       rate: 1Gbps
full-duplex: yes
  supported: 10M-baseT-half,10M-baseT-full,100M-baseT-half,
             100M-baseT-full,1G-baseT-half,1G-baseT-full
advertising: 10M-baseT-half,10M-baseT-full,100M-baseT-half,
             100M-baseT-full,1G-baseT-half,1G-baseT-full

Community Tip: The speed property in print/set is only used when auto-negotiation is disabled. Always use monitor to see the actual negotiated rate.

Step 2: Force a Specific Speed (When Required)

In some cases, you may need to force a specific link speed - typically when connecting to legacy equipment that doesn’t auto-negotiate properly.

Warning: Forcing speed requires matching settings on both ends. Mismatched duplex causes severe packet loss.

For 100Mbps full-duplex:

/interface ethernet set ether1 auto-negotiation=no speed=100M-baseT-full

For 1Gbps on SFP interface:

/interface ethernet set sfp1 auto-negotiation=no speed=1G-baseX

Common Mistake: Some MikroTik devices (hEX, hAP ac2, RB750Gr3) require auto-negotiation enabled for gigabit links. If forcing 1G doesn’t work, leave auto-negotiation enabled.

Step 3: Configure SFP+ at Lower Speed

SFP+ ports often support multiple speeds. To use a 1G SFP module in an SFP+ cage:

/interface ethernet set sfp-sfpplus1 auto-negotiation=no speed=1G-baseX

For 2.5G operation (RouterOS 7.3+):

/interface ethernet set sfp-sfpplus1 auto-negotiation=no speed=2.5G-baseX

Step 4: Configure FEC for High-Speed Links

Forward Error Correction (FEC) is required for some high-speed links (50G+) and recommended for 25G connections between CRS switches.

/interface ethernet set sfp28-1 fec-mode=fec91

FEC Mode Reference:

Speed	Supported FEC	Notes
25G	fec74, fec91	Recommended for CRS3xx/5xx links
40G	fec74	Optional
50G+	fec91	Required

Community Tip: Some optical modules rely on FEC functionality in the MAC. If you have unexplained packet loss on 25G+ links, enable FEC even if not strictly required.

Step 5: Handle Module Auto-Initialization Failures

If you see this log message:

module auto-initialization failed, try forced-mode

The SFP module has a corrupted or unrecognized EEPROM. Try forcing the speed manually:

For DAC cables:

/interface ethernet set sfp-sfpplus1 auto-negotiation=no speed=10G-baseCR

For optical modules:

/interface ethernet set sfp-sfpplus1 auto-negotiation=no speed=10G-baseSR-LR

Step 6: Configure Combo Ports

Combo ports have both RJ45 and SFP cages but only one can be active.

# Auto mode - first connected port wins
/interface ethernet set combo1 combo-mode=auto

# Force copper (RJ45)
/interface ethernet set combo1 combo-mode=copper

# Force SFP
/interface ethernet set combo1 combo-mode=sfp

Common Mistake: Combo ports cannot use both media types simultaneously. “Combo is one or the other, not both.”

Verification

Check 1: Verify Link Status

Confirm the interface is up and running at expected speed.

/interface ethernet monitor ether1 once

Expected Output:

     status: link-ok
       rate: 1Gbps
full-duplex: yes

Check 2: Verify SFP Module Detection

For SFP interfaces, verify the transceiver is recognized.

/interface ethernet monitor sfp-sfpplus1 once

Expected Output:

  sfp-module-present: yes
          sfp-rx-loss: no
         sfp-tx-fault: no
            sfp-type: SFP/SFP+/SFP28/SFP56
     sfp-vendor-name: Mikrotik
      sfp-temperature: 33C
         sfp-tx-power: -5.8dBm
         sfp-rx-power: -5.2dBm

Community Tip: Third-party SFP modules showing “sfp-type: (unknown)” often work fine. If the link is up and traffic flows, the module is functional.

Check 3: Run Cable Test (Copper Only)

Diagnose cable problems when link won’t establish. The interface must be in “no-link” state.

/interface ethernet cable-test ether2

Expected Output:

     name: ether2
   status: no-link
cable-pairs: open:4,open:4,open:4,open:4

Interpreting Results:

open:X - Cable disconnected or broken at X meters
short:X - Cable pairs shorted at X meters
Four values represent the four twisted pairs

Monitoring and Statistics

View Interface Statistics

Check traffic counters and error rates:

/interface ethernet print stats

Key Statistics to Monitor:

Counter	Meaning	Action if High
`rx-fcs-error`	Checksum errors	Check cable/module quality
`rx-align-error`	Alignment errors	Check duplex match
`rx-overflow`	Buffer overflow	Check for congestion
`tx-collision`	Collisions	Check for duplex mismatch

Reset Statistics

Clear counters for clean troubleshooting baseline:

/interface ethernet reset-counters ether1

Common Mistakes

Mismatched duplex settings - If one end is full-duplex and the other half-duplex, you’ll see massive packet loss. Always ensure both ends match.
Gigabit over 2-pair cable - Gigabit requires all 4 pairs. Cat3 or damaged Cat5 with only 2 working pairs will negotiate 100Mbps (or fail intermittently at gigabit).
Non-gigabit PoE injectors - These pass auto-negotiation (2 pairs) but break gigabit (4 pairs). A common hidden cause of speed issues.
Forcing 1G on incompatible hardware - Some devices (hEX, hAP ac2) won’t link at forced 1G. Leave auto-negotiation enabled.
FEC mismatch - Both ends must use the same FEC mode. Auto vs disabled may work; fec74 vs fec91 will not.
Mixing bridge and switch VLANs - Don’t configure bridge VLANs and switch chip VLANs simultaneously for the same task.
Duplicate MACs after restore - Using backup/restore on different hardware copies MAC addresses. Use export compact instead, or run /interface ethernet reset-mac-address.

Community Tips

Hardware Offload and VLANs: Enabling vlan-filtering=yes on a bridge disables hardware offload except on CRS3xx series. For other devices, configure VLANs through the switch chip directly to maintain wire-speed performance. Users report CPU dropping from high load to 0-3% after switching approaches.

Link Flapping on RouterOS 7.x: Some users report Ethernet links going down/up repeatedly on v7.x that didn’t occur on v6.49. Workarounds include placing a switch between WAN and router, or generating supout.rif during failures for MikroTik support.

RB5009 Multi-Chip VLAN: Traffic between switch chips must travel via CPU ports. Include the CPU port in switch VLAN configuration, or “sacrifice two switch ports to link them together externally” for wire-speed inter-chip switching.

SFP Cold Start Issues: Some SFP+ ports won’t establish link after cold restart, showing “no link, not running, slave” until manually disabled/enabled. Script a workaround if this affects your deployment.

Troubleshooting

Link Won’t Establish

Check physical connection - Verify cable is seated, SFP module clicked in
Check auto-negotiation - Try matching settings on both ends
For SFP: Check sfp-module-present, sfp-rx-loss, sfp-tx-fault
For high-speed: Verify FEC mode compatibility
Run cable-test on copper interfaces

Speed Lower Than Expected

Check link-partner-advertising for remote capabilities
Verify cable category (Cat5e minimum for gigabit)
Check for non-gigabit devices in the path (PoE injectors!)
Verify SFP module specifications match expected speed

Intermittent Connectivity

Check error counters: rx-fcs-error, rx-align-error
Monitor SFP temperature (overheating causes issues)
Check cable quality with cable-test
Look for rx-overflow indicating congestion

SFP Module Not Recognized

Check eeprom-checksum - “bad” means corrupted module EEPROM
Try forced-mode configuration
Verify module compatibility with your device
Reseat the module

Layer 2 Configurations

Bridge Configuration - combine Ethernet ports
Bonding/LACP - aggregate multiple links
VLAN Configuration - tagged VLANs on Ethernet

IP Configuration

IP Address Configuration - assign IPs to interfaces
DHCP Server - DHCP on Ethernet interfaces

Interfaces Overview - all interface types
Switch Ports - hardware switching

Reference

Command Reference

Command	Description
`/interface ethernet print`	List all Ethernet interfaces
`/interface ethernet print detail`	Show full configuration including MAC
`/interface ethernet print stats`	Display traffic statistics
`/interface ethernet monitor`	Real-time link status and SFP DDM
`/interface ethernet set`	Configure interface settings
`/interface ethernet cable-test`	Diagnose cable problems (when no-link)
`/interface ethernet reset-counters`	Clear interface statistics
`/interface ethernet reset-mac-address`	Restore factory MAC address
`/interface ethernet blink`	Flash interface LEDs for identification

Quick Reference

Task	Command
View all interfaces	`/interface ethernet print`
Monitor link status	`/interface ethernet monitor ether1`
Force 100M	`set ether1 auto-negotiation=no speed=100M-baseT-full`
Force 1G SFP	`set sfp1 auto-negotiation=no speed=1G-baseX`
Enable FEC	`set sfp28-1 fec-mode=fec91`
Cable test	`/interface ethernet cable-test ether1`
Reset counters	`/interface ethernet reset-counters ether1`
Reset MAC	`/interface ethernet reset-mac-address ether1`

Summary

Ethernet interface configuration in RouterOS:

Auto-negotiation is enabled by default and handles most configurations
Copper interfaces exchange capabilities; both ends select the best common speed
SFP/QSFP interfaces require matching highest advertise mode on both ends
Force speed only when required (legacy equipment, troubleshooting)
FEC is required for 50G+ links and recommended for 25G

Key points:

Use /interface ethernet monitor to see actual negotiated speed (not print)
Gigabit requires all 4 cable pairs - check for non-gigabit PoE injectors
Some devices (hEX, hAP ac2) require auto-negotiation for gigabit links
Match FEC mode on both ends of high-speed connections
Use cable-test to diagnose copper wiring issues
Third-party SFPs showing “unknown” type often work fine

Ethernet Interface Configuration

Ethernet Interface Configuration

TL;DR (Quick Start)

Overview

Prerequisites

Understanding Auto-Negotiation

Copper (RJ45) Interfaces

SFP/QSFP Interfaces

Configuration Steps

Step 1: View Interface Status

Step 2: Force a Specific Speed (When Required)

Step 3: Configure SFP+ at Lower Speed

Step 4: Configure FEC for High-Speed Links

Step 5: Handle Module Auto-Initialization Failures

Step 6: Configure Combo Ports

Verification

Check 1: Verify Link Status

Check 2: Verify SFP Module Detection

Check 3: Run Cable Test (Copper Only)

Monitoring and Statistics

View Interface Statistics

Reset Statistics

Common Mistakes

Community Tips

Troubleshooting

Link Won’t Establish

Speed Lower Than Expected

Intermittent Connectivity

SFP Module Not Recognized

Related Topics

Layer 2 Configurations

IP Configuration

Related Topics

Reference

Command Reference

Quick Reference

Summary